Cheatsheet for 68000 assembly development - contains 68000 commands details

Download these to get started with my 68000 tutorials quickly and easily.

Download this to get all the source code for my tutorials

Interested in Retro programming, Want to learn the concepts of Assembly and retro computers?... This is for you! This episode will go over the concepts of computing, and what assembly assembly language is, and what it can do for you!
[Documentation] [Video]

When we program in assembly, we need to know more than 'The CPU does processing'!... We'll need to understand what it can do, and how it does it!
[Documentation] [Video]

We learned quite a lot about the CPU last time, but there's some more specialist stuff we'll need to know for certain CPUs. Lets look at some more technical CPU wonders!
[Documentation] [Video]

Knowing different representations of numbers tends to be more important in Assembly than languages like Basic and C++ that tend to do everything for us.
[Documentation] [Video]

The Assembler is the program we will use to turn our text source file into an assembled program we can run. Lets learn the terminology we're likely to come across in our quest to go from source to something we can run!
[Documentation] [Video]

The Assembler is the program we will use to turn our text sourcefile into an assembled program we can run. Lets learn the terminology we're likely to come across!
[Documentation] [Video]

The Assembler is the program we will use to turn our text sourcefile into an assembled program we can run. Lets learn the terminology we're likely to come across!
[Documentation] [Video]

Assembly programming has some common programming techniques and methods it's worth pointing out, as they may help you design your programs.
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets look at some of the terminology we'll come across when it comes to graphics and video hardware when programming retro hardware in Assembly.
[Documentation] [Video]

In this lesson, We'll look at some of the concepts of making sounds for the 'less musical' programmer!
[Documentation] [Video]

There's a few other weird and (somewhat) wonderful terminology we may come across, that it's worth discussing at some point.... and that point is right here!
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets get started with the 68000 CPU, we'll learn how to assemble a program with VASM, we'll look at the template file we'll be using in these tutorials, We'll look at the basics of moving values into registers with MOV, jumping to subroutines with JSR... adding and subtracting with ADD and SUB and working with memory
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

In this tutorial we'll look at 'addressing modes' these are how the CPU selects a source or destination address for an operation - here we'll go through each addressing mode with practical examples
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This tutorial covers using LEA to load an effective address, we'll look at labels and defining Symbols with EQU... we'll cover JMP and BRA for jumping and Branching, Bcc condition codes like BEQ, BNE, BCS and BCC... we'll also look at loops with DBRA

[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

In this tutorial we'll learn how the stack works on the 68000 CPU - we'll learn the concepts of stacks, the PUSH and POP commands, how the JSR uses the stack... using MOVEM to move multiple registers onto the stack, PEA to push an effective address onto the stack.
We'll also cover mathematical operations: NEG for negation, DIVS,DIVU for division, MULS and MULU for multiplication... we'll also cover the concepts of TRAPs for OS calls
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

In this lesson we'll learn about Logical ops like AND, OR ,EOR and NOT... We'll look at how to test and change one bit of a register with BTST, BSET, BCLR and BCHG... we'll look at rotation with ROL, ROR, LSL and LSR... we'll also look at 'Scc' - set on condition.

As well as bit ops, we'll look at SWAP and EXG for swapping register values

This tutorial covers the Extend flag, the CCR / SR flags register, Rotating with eXtend bit with ROXR and ROXL, arithmetic  shifts with ASL and ASR... also using the extend bit for 64 bit + maths with SUBX, ADDX and NEGX... Sign extending with EXT, and doing nothing with NOP!... last but by no means least, we'll cover conditional compilation.
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets learn how to write 'Hello World' on the Sharp x68K - we'll cover the code itself, the format of the X File executable used by the x68...  Building an executable XFile with VASM, putting it onto a disk, and running it with an X68k emulator.
[Documentation] [Video]

In this tutorial we'll learn how to write 'Hello World' on the Atari ST, compile and link it it with VASM to make an executable TOS, and load it in our emulator via hard disk emulation
[Documentation] [Video]

In this tutorial we'll learn how to write 'Hello World' on the Neo Geo, we'll use a basic template ROM file, set up our font in the FIX ROM, and show Hello world... we'll compile with VASM, and then learn how to make an XML file so our ROM will load in MAME
[Documentation] [Video]

In this tutorial we'll learn how to write 'Hello World' on the Sinclair QL, we'll write Hello World, Compile it with VASM, and attach a directory of windows as a virtual drive in our emulator, we'll then write a boot program to start and run our program on the QL
[Documentation] [Video]

In this tutorial we'll learn how to write 'Hello World' on the Genesis, we'll learn how to build a rom file with VASM and start it with the Fusion emulator,
[Documentation] [Video]

In this tutorial we'll learn how to write 'Hello World' on the Amiga, we'll compile it with VASM, and load it with WinUAE via an folder on our hard drive, which we'll set up to emulate a hard disk
[Documentation] [Video]

We looked at writing a 'hello world' example before using cross compilation from windows. This time we'll compile using an assembler from within the X6800 itself!... Lets learn how!
[Documentation][Video]

Let's look at the basics, Lets learn how to draw a simple bitmap onto the screen... effectively a software sprite. We'll be able to use this to make a simple game!
[Documentation][Video]

Let's look at the basics on the Atari, Lets learn how to draw a simple bitmap onto the screen... effectively a software sprite.
[Documentation][Video]

Lets take a look at the Amiga, We'll learn how to draw a small 8x8 smiley on the screen, and a larger bitmap.
[Documentation][Video]

Lets take a look at the Sinclair QL - we'll use 8 color mode to draw a simple smiley, and our mascot
[Documentation][Video]

We're looking at various systems, and learning how to draw bitmaps.Being a tile based system, the Genesis doesn't work the same, but we can split our graphics up into 8x8 tiles, and draw them in almost the same way.
[Documentation][Video]

We're looking at various systems, and learning how to draw bitmaps.Being a tile based system, the Neo Geo doesn't work the same, but we can split our graphics up into 8x8 tiles, and draw them in almost the same way.
[Documentation][Video]

We've learned how to draw a small sprite to the screen... lets extend that example by adding joystick control, so we can move the sprite around.
[Documentation][Video]

Lets extend our Atari Example, and use traps and vectors to read in the Joystick
[Documentation][Video]

Let's extend that previous example, and add joystick control to the Amiga sample. We'll need to process the data of the joystick port (mouse port) and convert it to digital directions
[Documentation][Video]

The Sinclair QL uses keypresses for it's 'joystick' Lets learn how to use the OS TRAP to read from the keyboard, and move our previous smiley around
[Documentation][Video]

Lets extend the previous bitmap example, and learn how to move an 8x8 smiley tile around the screen.
[Documentation][Video]

Lets look at the NeoGeo… lets add Joystick reading and move our smiley around the screen. We're going to use the 'fixmap' for simple graphics in this example.
[Documentation][Video]

We drew a bitmap on the screen before and move it around the screen, but this time we'll improve the routine, and allow the bitmap to go partially offscreen! Lets give it a go.
[Documentation][Video]

We drew a bitmap on the screen before and move it around the screen, but this time we'll improve the routine, and allow the bitmap to go partially offscreen… We'll use Blitting to make smooth movement easier!
[Documentation][Video]

Lets extend our Atari Example, and add sprite clipping so the sprite can go partially offscreen.
[Documentation][Video]

Our last example was a bit jerky moving horizontally. Because of the bitplane layout we were moving in 1 byte chunks… this time we'll add bit shifting for some smooth moves!
[Documentation][Video]

We drew our chibiko character on the screen before with the tilemap and moved it around the screen, but this time we'll improve the routine, and allow the bitmap to go partially offscreen!
[Documentation][Video]

Our last example was distinctly disappointing!... using the Tilemap is easy, but gave jerky movement! Lets smooth things over and make things move more neatly!
[Documentation][Video]

Lets extend our Sinclair QL example, and allow the sprite to go partially offscreen
[Documentation][Video]

Lets take our previous NeoGeo example where we drew a graphic on the 'Fix layer' and add clipping, so the image can go partially offscreen.
[Documentation][Video]

Lets do more sprite clipping... this time with hardware sprites!
[Documentation][Video]

This Tutorial will teach us the basics of drawing bitmap graphics on the Sharp X68000 (x68k), we'll set up the screen and Show a bitmap and print characters to the screen from a bitmap font. also learn about VBLANK
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

In this lesson we'll cover the Atari ST - We'll learn how to Set up the screen, calculate screen positions and create bitmap data in the correct format for the Atari ST
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

Learn about the NeoGeo Fix Layer - designed for text - we'll learn about the pixel format of the FIX ROM, include a FIX ROM in our Mame XML, and use it to get a bitmap to the screen... we'll also cover VBlank
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

Learn about the Sinclair QL screen modes, both 4 and 8 color - including the flashing option!... we'll turn on the screen, define our bitmap and show it... we'lll also learn how to detect Vblank.
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This tutorial covers the Genesis / Megadrive... we'll learn how to set up the screen, define Mega Drive Tile patterns, then use the tilemap to show a bitmap to the screen... we'll also learn how to use vblank on the genesis
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

In this lesson we'll learn about the Amiga, we'll learn how to set up the copperlist, use Chip Ram to define a screen, and how the screen is made up of bitplanes... we'll use this to get our image to the screen, and learn to use Vblank to control the speed of our game.
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

Let's learn how to use Joypads on the Sharp X68000... The x68k can use MSX or Genesis type Joypads! we'll learn how to read in from joypads, and show the results to the screen
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

Let's learn how to use Joypads on the Atari ST... we'll need to use a Bios Trap to read in from the joysticks.
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

Let's learn how to use Joypads on the Neo Geo AES / MVS
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

Let's learn how to read the Cursor keys of the Sinclair QL - these are also used by the joystick ports
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

In this Lesson you'll learn how to read the Cursor keys of the Sinclair QL - these are also used by the joystick ports
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This tutorial teaches how to read in the Joysticks of the Amiga.
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This tutorial teaches how to define screen colors on the Sharp x68k
[Documentation] [Video]

Learn how to define screen colors on the Atari ST
[Documentation] [Video]

This Lesson teaches you how to define the screen colors on the Neo Geo AES or MVS
[Documentation] [Video]

This Tutorial covers how to define the screen colors on the Megadrive / Genesis
[Documentation] [Video]

This Tutorial covers how to define the screen colors on the Amiga
[Documentation] [Video]

Learn how to make simple sounds on the Sharp x68k
[Documentation] [Video]

This tutorial covers the YM2610 - this relates to the Neo Geo and Mega Drive / Genesis
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets learn how we can control the Megadrive / Genesis FM chip via the Z80
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets learn how we can control the Megadrive / Genesis FM chip via the 68000
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This tutorial teaches how to make sound on the Sinclair QL
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This tutorial teaches how to make sound on the Amiga with digital samples
[Documentation] [Video] [Forum]

This lesson covers hardware sprites on the Sharp x68k
[Documentation] [Video]

Learn how to use hardware sprites on the Neo Geo
[Documentation] [Video]

As the NeoGeo doesn't have a tilemap, we have to simulate one via sprites... This tutorial covers how to do this
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets look at how to use hardware sprites on the Megadrive / Genesis
[Documentation] [Video]

This tutorial teaches how to use and combine Amiga sprites for 4 or 16 color sprites on the amiga.
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets look this week at that rare species of rodent… The Genesis Mouse! The mouse connects to the standard ports, and with the right commands, we can get mouse movements from it!
[Documentation] [Video]

We'll write a new multi-platform sound driver, which will give us control over the hardware, and allow us to write a music player which will work in a common way on all systems.
[Documentation] [Video]

This time we'll use the superior (but harder to understand!) FM sound
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets take a look at the ATARI-ST version of ChibiSound PRO!
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets take a look at the Amiga version of ChibiSound Pro!
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets take a look at the x68000 of ChibiSound Pro!
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets take a look at the QL version of ChibiSound PRO!
[Documentation] [Video]

Lets take a look at the NeoGeo version of ChibiSound PRO - which actually runs on the Z80!!
[Documentation] [Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

No Description Available
[Video]

Lets start by having a quick look at the game, and the structure of the game RAM, and the settings which define levels and enemies.
[Documentation][Video]

The Sinclair QL also uses a bitmap screen - with 8 color graphics.... let take a look at the QL version
[Documentation][Video]

Lets Port to the Amiga... we won't use hardware sprites on this system, we'll do the graphics in software
[Documentation][Video]

Let's look at making Yquest work on the Genesis... we'll use the tilemap to draw graphics to the screen.
[Documentation][Video]

Let's look at the NeoGeo... we'll use the Fix Layer to draw graphics to the screen. We need to define our tile bitmaps in the XML file - as they are defined by ROM.
[Documentation][Video]

Lets Port to the Atari ST... The ST can't do hardware sprites, and unfortunately it's screen layout is a bit of a pain.
[Documentation][Video]

The old x68000 version with bitmap sprites had pretty smooth movement, but as there's so little documentation online for X68k hardware sprites, we'll use them anyway! Lets learn how.
[Documentation][Video]

The Amiga + Atari ST store data in bitplanes... one byte contains 8 pixels... Our old code wasn't smart enough to allow our 8x8 sprite to be 'half on' a byte - so our movement was jerky... lets improve the code and make the movement smooth!
[Documentation][Video]

We got Yquest working before with tilemap graphics, but that's not really enough! Lets extend Yquest and use hardware sprites.
[Documentation][Video]

Let's look at the NeoGeo... we'll use the Fix Layer to draw graphics to the screen. We need to define our tile bitmaps in the XML file - as they are defined by ROM.
[Documentation][Video]

The x68000 version was the first port of the game on the 68000. its a bitmap based system, with software sprites, and a simpler screen layout than the AtariST or Amiga.
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]

No Description Available
[Documentation][Video]